Women Serial Killers or Partners to One - 678 Words

Introduction. Women have fought for equality with men in the United States since the mid 1800s with the initiation of the woman’s rights movement. Not for special treatment, not for better opportunities, just equality. When it comes to killing, they are simply not viewed as aggressive creatures. They were forced to do it, they are the victims. Most peoples initial reaction to a woman taken into custody for murder is â€Å"She must have been abused.† There is very limited research on female serial killers, and even less so as women in partnerships with men since they are rare cases. However, according to a study produced by Hickey (2006), 31% of the 64 female serial killers between 1826 and 2004 were in a partnership. Women who enter these partnerships either want to be taken seriously as an offender (Thompson 2009), or want to â€Å"please their murdering mates† (Fox and Levin 2012). De Beauvoir claims that a woman in love ‘‘tries to model herself on her lover’s desire†¦ giving herself blindly’’ (1970). Women will try to preserve a relationship by doing whatever they can to please their partner. Couples who kill have a distinct set of techniques for target selection, way of killing, and means of disposing the body. Gerald and Charlene Gallego, also known as The Love Slave Killers and Americas first husband-and-wife killers, were two strange lovers who found sexual thrill in using disposable young sex slaves from 1978 to 1980 in Nevada, California, and Oregon. They stole identitiesShow MoreRelatedSerial Murder And Mass Murder936 Words   |  4 Pages Before we can take on the definitions of serial murder and mass murder, we must first understand what exactly constitutes murder. According to the United States Code-section 1111, murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought (4). With that said, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the term serial murder implies that there are at least three different murder events at three different locations, with a â€Å"cooling off† period between each event (RamslandRead MoreInside the Mind of a Serial Killer Essays1049 Words   |  5 Pagesof Men and Women Serial Killers Barbie Sharp Psy 250 A02 Dr. Toby Arquette Argosy University Abstract What are underling factors that contribute to the psychological profile of men and women serial killers? This paper examines scientific and meta-analysis studies of men and women serial killers in an attempt to identify some of these factors. By investigating psychological theories involving men and women serial killersRead MoreThe Murder Of Serial Killers1703 Words   |  7 PagesA grieving mother drapes herself over the casket of her deceased son. The 14 year old had fallen victim to one of the most infamous serial killers in history, Jeffrey Dahmer. Dahmer killed a total of 17 known victims, all between the ages of 14 and 33. In his most recent murders, he often resorted to necrophilia, cannibalism, and permanent preservation of body parts (â€Å"Jeffrey Dahmer Biography†). The mother looks at what is left of her son’s face, the face that once smiled to her every morning beforeRead MoreThe Crime Of Serial Murder And Mass Murder1289 Words   |  6 PagesRotten Appl es The act of Serial murder and mass murder have similar characteristics, however they are not the same. Before they can be defined, it is necessary to first understand what exactly constitutes murder. According to the United States Code-section 1111, murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought (FindLaw, 2014). With that said, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, â€Å"the term serial murder implies that there are at least three differentRead MoreFemale Serial Killers773 Words   |  4 PagesFEMALE SERIAL KILLERS Rudyard Kipling once said that the female of the species is far more deadly than the male. Female serial killers more than prove that theory, yet they have always been something of an anomaly in criminology and a puzzle for law enforcement. These are the quiet killers, every bit as lethal as their male counterparts, but we are seldom aware of one in our midst because of their low visibility. Most female crime is hidden. Kelleher Kelleher (1998) argue that female serialRead MoreSerial Killers Speech1533 Words   |  7 Pagesaudience about Serial Killers. Central Idea: To show my audience why serial killers kill and what motivates them. INTRODUCTION Tell them what you are going to tell them. I. Attention Getter: What would you do as a young college girl at a grocery store walking to your car and you see this handsome middle aged man with a cast on struggling to get his groceries and he ask you for your help. Would you help him? Ted bundy was one of the most famous and handsome serial killers of all time. Read MoreFemale Serial Killers Essay2409 Words   |  10 PagesThis is just one of the many catastrophes performed by a woman serial killer. Serial killers are a problem in the United States, murdering on average 2000 people each year (Indiana University np). â€Å"In fact, serial murder in the United States alone makes up more than three-quarters of the estimated world total† (Innes 5). Although women serial killers are not very common, they still have a huge impact on the death toll of innocent victims. In order to understand how woman serial killers operate, itRead MoreSerial Killer And Serial Killers Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most infamous serial killers who marked his tory, serial killers who once didn’t even think to harm any human being. Many people grow up differently from others, some people grow up in a safe environment surrounded with caring people and others grow up in a completely different environment being missed treated by others, therefore are serial killers made or born? A serial killer is defined as â€Å"a person who commits more than three murders over a period that spans more than one month. For theRead MorePsychology of Serial Killers1430 Words   |  6 PagesWe serial killers are your sons, we are your husbands we are everywhere. And there will be more of your children dead tomorrow. Theodore Robert Bundy In the past decade, Americans and researchers have given more and more of their attention to serial killers. The United States alone has contributed about 85% of the worlds serial killers. It has been said that they come in many different forms. Society has many words for serial killers. Holmes and DeBurger define serial murders as consistingRead MoreAnimal Cruelty Persuasive Speech962 Words   |  4 Pageswho has developed many profiles for serial killers for the FBI said, â€Å"Murderers ... very often start out by killing and torturing animals as kids,† (Ressler, Animal Abuse and Human Abuse: Partners in Crime). This is true as a lot of serial killers’ experiment on their animals first. For example, Albert deSalvo, also known as the Boston strangler, killed 13 women. When he was a child he used to shoot dogs and cats which he had trapped with arrows. A serial killer named Jeffrey Dahmer used to impale

The French and Indian War Was a Major Cause of the...

At the outset of the eighteenth century, the Ohio Valley can be identified as the main catalyst in triggering open hostilities between the French and the Americans. The French occupied parts of Canada but also wanted a stake in America. Its means to do this was through the Ohio Valley it maintained. However, the colonists were bound to permeate this area in their push towards the west. And as they did, competition for the lush lands flared up and came to a breaking point. This directly lead to the French and Indian War with the Indians, for the most part, siding with the French against Britain. The events and sentiments that took place during and immediately after the French and Indian War (1754-1763) were extremely important†¦show more content†¦When American recruits finally dribbled in, they were primitive in military customs. Some even deserted camp, and when they were seized and brought back to camp, they were whipped. British General Braddock went so far as to forewarn his soldiers of a penalty of hanging for the next that deserted him. The colonists, having always thought the British militia to be noble and indomitable, were shocked at their behavior. The almighty Redcoats were actually running and hiding in battle times when they should have proved valorous. The British were probably embarrassed too over a childish rivalry between English generals William Johnson and Governor William Shirley at Fort Albany. Competition arose because of Shirleys greed for Indian allies, and neglecting Johnson simultaneously. They immaturely wrote secret letters about each other, getting others involved and annoyed. A factor also contributing to the disappointment of the colonists is how the British consistently fought a European war instead of a new style war, particularly guerrilla warfare (based on sneak attack and using camouflage), which limited their success and sometimes determined failure. Impressment prevailed for part of the war, adding insult to outrage. Impressment refers to the British sending press gangs from their warships to bring in mariners to serve in the British ships. They received little to no pay, and about 900 ofShow MoreRelatedWhy Revolt? : Causes of the American Revolution Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesFighting. Loss. Victory. Freedom. A war that would determine the fate of a new nation. A nation that we call home. The American Revolution, America’s separation from Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris brought forth the freedom that has become part of the America dream, ending the war in 1783 and officially declaring the colonies free. No one event can be pinpointed as the official and actual cause of the war. It began as a major disagreement over how the colonies were being treated and how theyRead MoreMajor Turning Points in U.S. History (1492-1820)1366 Words   |  6 PagesMajor Turning Points in U.S. History (1492-1820) Throughout documented United States history, immense changes in social, political, and economic establishments have been brought about by perplexing people or conditions. Often, these changes mark a turning point in the progress of civilization as new ideas are formed, new governments raised, or new discoveries put to use in the interest of progress. Whether these pivotal moments in history may be triggered due to a single nonconforming individualRead MoreThe Battle Of Saratoga And Indian War981 Words   |  4 Pagesthe revolution. Some events that led to the revolution are: The French and Indian War, The Battle of Saratoga and many other events. The American Revolution was between the Americans led by George Washington , and the British led by General Howe and General Cornwallis. The two enemies have been fighting for several of years. There are series of wars that led to the revolution. These series if wars lasted for several of years also. This is were the war begins. The Navigation Act was passedRead MoreThe Causes of the American Revolution Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesrule of the American colonies in the previous years led to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. Most Americans did not originally want to separate from mother England. They wanted to stay loyal to the crown. England’s unwillingness to compromise, mismanagement of the colonies, heavy taxation of the colonists that violated their rights, the distractions of foreign affairs and politics in England and the strict trading policies that England tried to enforce together made the revolution inevitableRead MoreRights: Procured through Independence Essay721 Words   |  3 Pageseasily. A paragon of this could be seen in the cause of the American Revolution, where the British imposed several acts of maltreatment upon the colonists, who had already won their independence. These acts limited the colonists’ lives, forcing them to abide by Britain’s every order and s acrifice their goods and imports for their mother country’s sake. Confining the lives of the colonists unfairly, major acts and events such as the French and Indian War, Intolerable Acts and Boston Tea Party were leadingRead MoreAmerican Revolution Causes and Importance1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthe causes of the American Revolution. Which cause was most important? Why? Mariah Gutierrez History 1301 Professor Harris September 29, 2013 The American Revolution was a major war within America that got the United States their independence and showed others that they were not a weak nation. There were many causes that lead up to this war and had a great effect on it. The first war we see is the French and Indian War (1754-1763)Read MoreThe Causes And Outcomes Of The French And Indian War1485 Words   |  6 PagesContrast and Compare the Causes and Outcomes of the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812. The wars prior to the Civil War may have taken place at different times throughout our history, they all feed into to one another like a river feeds a lake and a lake feeds into a river. It may have not seemed like it in the beginning but each one had a lasting effect and direct connection to the events of the future wars. All the wars prior to the Civil War had a direct purpose toRead MoreMajor Events Of The American Revolution1649 Words   |  7 PagesWhen one considers the AMerican Revolution, there is much emphasis placed on the major events of the period. Major battles, major players and major events are at the forefront of the discussions. Names like George Washington, John Adams and George III come into play. Talks are highlighted with governmental proceedings such as the â€Å"Stamp Act† or with tragic events such as the â€Å"Boston Massacre.† While general histories of the American Revolution tell us that the calls for separation from Britain wereRead MoreEssay about The Causes of the American Revolution927 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution was a major declaration of freedom and individual rights that inspired similar revolutions world wide. The underlying causes of the American Revolution were deep seated. Some of the contributing factors were the changes in thinki ng brought about by the Enlightenment, the theory of Mercantilism, the French and Indian War, and Englands inability to enforce its laws. The most important reason for the Revolution was Americas change in thinking as a result of the EnlightenmentRead MoreFrench Revolution vs American Revolution1534 Words   |  7 PagesEssay French and American Revolution Both the American and French revolutions were focused on liberty and equality. America was trying to gain freedom from the rules, unfair taxation, War debt, and lack of representation from the British. The French Revolution on the other hand wanted to abolish the French monarchy and create a better government in which people could have more of a say in society, and also had similar causes as the American Revolution. They were similar in their causes because

The Chinese Abacus †Short Essay Free Essays

The Chinese Abacus The Chinese Abacus is a simple device for performing mathematical calculations. The Chinese Abacus also known as a â€Å"Suanpan† in Chinese. The Abacus was first mentioned by the mathematician Xu Yueh at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 A. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chinese Abacus – Short Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now D). The Abacus is a tool for calculating numbers, and was widely used in ancient times up to the invention of the modern mechanical and electronic calculators. The Abacus is similar to the modern calculator. It has a rectangular wooden frame with beads in the columns. There is a cross rod to divide beads into two parts, above the rod each bead represents quantities of five and as it moves right it goes up like 50, 500, 5000 and so on, while under the rod each bead represents quantities of one and goes up to 10, 100, 1000, and so on. The basic operations for which the abacus is helpful include arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The computational methods using an Abacus are called abacus calculations. This device was created using wood and beads. You only count the beads that are in the center on the divider. The Abacus is still in use today by shopkeepers in Asia and â€Å"Chinatowns† in North America. The use of the abacus is still taught in Asian schools, and some few schools in America. Blind children are taught to use the Abacus. One particular use for the Abacus is teaching children simple mathematics and especially multiplication. The Abacus is also an excellent tool for teaching other base numbering systems since it easily adapts itself to any base. I made my Abacus by simply getting four wood planks and nailing them together to make a wooden frame. Then I got another wood plank and nailed in the middle to make the cross rod. I drilled 13 holes on the cross rod, the top, and bottom of the frame. I got a stick stuck it through the top of the frame, placed two beads in and stuck it through the cross rod, added five more beads then stuck the stick through the bottom part of the frame thus making the first column. I continued this process 12 more times until I finished all of the 13 columns. After I was done I painted my frame purple and I was finished. A perfectly crafted Chinese Abacus made within one and a half hours. . How to cite The Chinese Abacus – Short Essay, Essays

Provide A Support For Construction Of Quotaâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Support For Construction Of Quota? Answer: Introduction An essay on application of principles of project methodology has been prepared to provide a support for construction of Quota shared park pathway. Project methodology is therefore determined as a discipline that applies effective application of certain models to design most appropriate structure for construction projects. Agile development model is hereby used to conduct successful planning of pathway construction and executing required operations to achieve goals and planned targets with available resources. Various models of project management are provided theoretically, so that a manager can plan out a schedule and complete number of activities applying these project models with available financial resources. A description of agile model has been provided below, applying principles of the chosen model. Successful completion of the construction project undertaken depends directly on expertise of project manager and its subordinate team. Agile development model enables the project management team to create accurate solutions for various problems highlighted during construction (Turner, Ledwith and Kelly, 2012). On the basis of requirements analyzed, management executive directs its team to perform on the basis of principles of agile development model. Undertaking a construction project is a complex task wherein numbers of changes are bound to occur till final completion of the task undertaken. Agile development model therefore provides support to design a structure wherein immediate response to continuously changing operational conditions is provided through pre planning and execution of principles of project management methodology. Agile For Quota Shared Park Pathway Construction The complexity of current task is simplified by dividing entire project into number of iterations. Constant check is kept upon each of iterations and customers are updated regularly with any of change that requires modification in execution of project. This will require adequate team integration for effective execution of the principles. (Dorairaj, Noble and Malik, 2012). Moreover, customers are updated on regular basis until completion of the project and feedbacks are obtained so as to enhance the quality of work undertaken. For the construction of pathway as stated earlier, agile methodology is most appropriate among other methods as it will provide constant interaction with customers as well as team integration (Soundararajan, Arthur and Balci, 2012). Number of benefits provided by agile model, makes it appropriate to be applied for project of pathway construction. Background of case study: Agile methodology selected for this project would provide a continuous check on activities undertaken to complete the task, with the help of development software (Moe, Aurum and Dyb, 2012). Quick decisions are required to be taken during cited project completion procedure as requirements are bound to occur regularly, thereby making the project dynamic. It would thus keep a check on each measure taken to enhance effectiveness of techniques applied. Moreover, this flexible method of project methodology would enable the team to adapt to changing needs of project undertaken. Construction of pathway would thereby be completed by integrating architectural techniques with principles of project methodologies. Diagrammatic representation of Agile: Diagrammatic representation is visually presenting each of iteration of the project in the form of diagrams. The diagram will determine flexibility of project with respect to modifications required to be considered for effective application of project management principles. It would throw a light on determining lifecycle of various developments plan undertaken during execution of the same. The diagram provides a quick review on number of changes that occurred during project execution and measures taken to aid them on the basis of customer feedback obtained as well as expert advice of project team managers. Also, steps taken during completion of task are highlighted in the presentation that includes analysis of requirements, planning and implementation. Description of the methodology: Undertaking a complex construction project can be simplified by effectively developing a framework of agile methodology Agile development methodology must be applied carefully during planning as well as implementation stage for achieving successful completion of activity undertaken. The chosen model of project methodology also provides set of practices that can enhance effectiveness of various activities such as planning, requirements, design, modeling, risk management, etc during undertaking of construction project (Soundararajan, Arthur and Balci, 2012). Moreover, it provides a smooth flow of activities following series of steps included in agile model of project management. The Agile development method therefore consists of six steps and each of them must be carried out carefully following standardized method to complete the same. It can be hereby included that, the concept of project management has been considered extremely important for undertakin g projects of construction also. Number of methodologies are provided by agile development model that can be adopted for construction project undertaken depending upon circumstances given. Agile methodology lays emphasis on bringing people together to contribute in completion of project by providing required feedbacks and aiding the problems with quick responses. Continuous improvement during implementation procedure will provide surety for efficient application of tools and techniques of agile development model. Step 1: Requirements- This stage of agile methodology thus forms a pathway for drawing inferences about possible challenges to be faced during implementation of other steps and the material required to provide an aid for the same. Requirements step if carried out sincerely, would ensure completion of task before time without any delay that is usually caused to obtain materials and tools for overcoming challenges coming in future pathway of a construction project that is undertaken in the essay. Requirements are focused during each of iteration and steps followed until final completion is achieved. This provides a broader scope for accepting challenges and making modifications accordingly. Numbers of practices are carried out to support requirements that arise during each step followed until closure. Equal efforts of project manager, individuals providing feedbacks and software developers are important to determine future requirements. Step 2: Plan: Second stage of the agile development methodology is planning and it makes sure formation of an effective plan to be implemented for the development model. Developing effective model helps in efficient implementation of the agile methodology. Arranging and scheduling is yet another crucial aspect of developing a well defined means of working. It develops an effective and reliable base for executing the plan and implementing the same into effective process (Wells, 2012). Improvement display has been commonly utilized in order to frame savvy and successful advancement demonstrates which can be used for lithe procedure. Step 3: Design: This phase of designing means effective construction of development model which effectively accommodates agile methodology within the organizational framework. The design phase can be made in order to develop the essential activities related to the construction project. Martin and Tate (2002) have mentioned that the plan phase involves the well defined outline for process improvement and development as per the suggestion of project manager. Office dectourous model should correlate with development venture in order to attain significant results for the process improvement. Outlining stage can be made for the purpose of improving the appropriate exercises of development extend. Step 4: Develop: This stage of developing is utilized for the purpose of evaluating the design and plan for the development of the proper solutions for development process. Influence of development model has been established in order to form the activities of prince model schematically (Gasik, 2011). This stage focuses on developing well defined answers for advanced procedure of working while assessing the plan of operations within the organization. The graphic representation is effectively represented through the independent model and the stated model helps in development of the same. Step 5: Release: Releasing is the fifth stage and it is useful to deploy the developed design and plan of the operations for the working of project. According to Spundak (2014), release operation is quite important and it creates completion of the basic requirement of activities. This fifth phase involves discharging and it can also be used to send the already created plans as well as outline the operations of venture. The discharge operations are the ones which are significantly urgent and demand a well defined analysis and evaluation of the subject. They help in effectively carrying out the operations while minimizing the level of restrictions in the operational aspects. Step 6: Monitor and track: The monitor and tracking is quite useful to form analysis of developed model of the operations. Kerzner (2013) cited that agile methodology is developed acutely in order to form the development methods and schemes for project operations. Light footed approach is to be made with due care for arrangement of improved strategies and plans for venture operations. Justification: The agile methodology is highly beneficial for construction projects as it helps in creating a well defined impact on business development and activities planning as well. Its unique features and related benefits are the major constraints which helps business units and in selecting the stated methodology (Meredith, Mantel Jr and Shafer, 2013). Agile methodology develops a well established relationship between different individuals who are involved in the construction process. The stated methodology helps in ensuring smooth interaction between the stakeholders of construction project which in turn results in delivering expected outcome for the businesses. Besides this, working operation is yet another essential feature of the Agile Methodology which can be deployed for developing activities of the construction site. Smart selection options of the Agile development model can be useful for developing smart and effective functional development of operations of construction project. However, Hickson and Owen (2015) have mentioned that Agile is adaptive model and thus it can help in easing development factors for construction project. It can also allow the team members of the project to accommodate changes as and when required. Documentation details for the stated project: Project management methodology and concept is highly significant for construction industry. The project success depends upon effective selection of project methodology. However effective documentation is the necessity for well defined project process. It helps the project team in creating effective operational aspects for the project (Medinilla, 2012). Procedural document is to be made for developing the activities of construction project. Actually, procedural documents are the operational papers which allow users to analyze activities of project progress. Implementation Plan: Agile implementation plan is significant to ensure project success and development. The cyclic feature of the methodology makes this stage as one of the significant and most crucial stage of the project management. It tests and integrates development model of project operations (Burke, 2013). Implementation plan also helps in forming successful and effective use of agile methodology. Feedback stage is the next aspect of the process. Approval and review stage are the preceding stages of the stated cycle. On the basis of feedback and review, agile development method is being implied and activities of project can be developed as well. Latter phase of this agile development model is useful in order to form recording and also to adjust the tracks for development methods (Phillips, 2013). The overall planning and process helps the project in creating high measures of success and growth within the economy. Conclusion The title of this essay is Agile development methodology and the impacts of the same on construction site. It has revealed implementation plan with the objective of implementing agile development methodology in construction project. The six stages of the Agile development method as mentioned above in the essay are requirement stage, planning stage, designing stage, development stage, releasing stage and monitoring stage. Description of methodology has also been highlighted in this essay for the formation of analysis of present operation in the company. The reasons for selecting the agile development model for construction project is that it helps in developing appropriate interactions, smarter options for selection, the adaptive model and the improved operations for working. The agile development model has got a cyclic interative approach in the implementation plan. there are several steps in implementation plan, they are, tests and integrates, development phase, feedback, review, ap proval phase, adjustment and recording of tracks for development methods. References Books and journals Aitken, A. and Ilango, V., 2013, January. A comparative analysis of traditional software engineering and agile software development. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 4751-4760). IEEE. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Dorairaj, S., Noble, J. and Malik, P., 2012, August. Knowledge management in distributed agile software development. InAgile Conference (AGILE), 2012(pp. 64-73). IEEE. Gasik, S., 2011. A model of project knowledge management. Project Management Journal. 42(3). pp 23-44. Hickson R. J. and Owen T. L., 2015. Project Management for Mining: Handbook for delivering project success. SME. Kerzner, H., 2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Machado, T.C.S., Pinheiro, P.R. and Tamanini, I., 2015. Project management aided by verbal decision analysis approaches: a case study for the selection of the best SCRUM practices.International Transactions in Operational Research,22(2), pp.287-312. Martin P. and Tate K., 2012. Getting Started in Project Management. John Wiley Sons. Medinilla, ., 2012. Agile management: Leadership in an agile environment. Springer Science Business Media. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. and Shafer, S. M., 2013. Project management in practice. Wiley Global Education. Milanov, G. and Njegus, A., 2012. Analysis of return on investment in different types of Agile software development project teams.Informatica Economica,16(4), p.7. Moe, N.B., Aurum, A. and Dyb, T., 2012. Challenges of shared decision-making: A multiple case study of agile software development.Information and Software Technology,54(8), pp.853-865. Phillips, J., 2013. PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Soundararajan, S., Arthur, J.D. and Balci, O., 2012, August. A methodology for assessing agile software development methods. InAgile Conference (AGILE), 2012(pp. 51-54). IEEE. Spundak, M., 2014. Mixed agile/traditional project management methodologyreality or illusion?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 119. pp 939-948. Turner, R., Ledwith, A. and Kelly, J., 2012. Project management in small to medium-sized enterprises: tailoring the practices to the size of company.Management Decision,50(5), pp.942-957. Wells, H., 2012. How effective are project management methodologies? An explorative evaluation of their benefits in practice. Project Management Journal. 43(6). pp 43-58

The Application of Global Strategic Management model to Problems that Starbucks faces in Australia

Executive Summary This report will put in place an operational strategy for the turnaround of the Starbucks Australia segment after a widespread closure of stores. The report analyses the competitive environment of the company and come up with the possible solutions to the problems of Starbucks Australia.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Application of Global Strategic Management model to Problems that Starbucks faces in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The report will also address the long term survival strategy for the Starbucks Australia so as to meet it meet its global market leadership and great customer experience targets. All the proposed solutions in this report will be in line with overall global management strategy for Starbucks Corporation. Global Coffee Industry The global coffee industry has been experiencing crisis of low coffee prices and generally low profitability in the who le value chain. This has led to coffee farmers mostly small scale entrepreneurs in central and South America to incur losses yet they are supposed to be breaking-even. The evident lesser process of coffee were as a result of high supply of coffee in the market. With this excess supply, quality of the green coffee went down. This not only posed problems to the producers but also industry players including Starbucks Corporation which is a global leader. With cheap and low quality coffee in the market, competitors of Starbucks capitalized on this so that in the long run there were low sales on Starbucks stores. Several challenges also accompanied this internal coffee crisis; consumers felt that they had less significant benefits in the whole coffee value chain. This structural problem needed the whole industry players to put together an industry strategy to check on the glut and increased quantity of defective coffee in the market. Starbucks Growth strategies Starbucks being the worlds ’ premier roaster and retailer of coffee has had a long term strategy of being the global leader in the coffee industry. The company’s’ growth strategy has enabled the company to spread to over 50 countries as indicated in their 2009 financial report. The company has achieved this position as a global leader and respected coffee brands through their good business plan of the store level efficiency, being innovative in their products, strategic channels of distribution, great customer experience in the retail stores and building of strategic linkages through licensing of different stores and joint ventures.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Starbucks corporation actually appreciated the strategic management strategies for increasing the shareholders value though, like any other multinational it has experienced different challenges in several locati ons which in the past has even worsen to an extend of downsizing by closure of several stores both in the US and international markets including Australia. Downsizing in a corporation is a strategic move usually designed to add value to the shareholders in the long run but mostly viewed by the customers and the other industry players as failure of an institution. With the aggressive global expansion strategy and the concept of market blanketing, Starbucks was bound to meet different challenges as much as it gained in other geographical locations. Challenges facing Starbucks globally Global expansion on its owned posed challenges relating to the political and legal factors, economic trends in different states, competition from local firms, consumer preferences, technological challenges and social-cultural issues. Starbucks like any other commercial corporation also do have an overriding goal of adding stockholders value through remaining profitable. This brings the strategic decision making accuracy into focus. All strategic decisions are arrived at after a rigorous process of evaluation of internal and external environment with all strengths and weaknesses having been taken into consideration. The company strategy is mainly to take advantage of its strengths and be cautious on its weaknesses hence it usually draws a road map unto the company’s future position. Starbuck in their strategic endeavor of being a global leader in the roasted coffee market has faced lots of challenges especially in being compliant to different political and legal environments. This is a challenge which has been achieved through their concept of strategic alliances through joint ventures and licensing of various global distributors. The Starbucks concept of serving high quality coffee products has given the company the image of serving the economically stable members of the society. This means that with high quality at stake, the company will lock themselves out of mass market where all products are served. The economic abilities of different countries has made Starbucks to be limited by the economic situations in different locations since some in some countries like in developing nations spending $5 on a cup of coffee is impossible. This has limited their growth strategy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Application of Global Strategic Management model to Problems that Starbucks faces in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different social-cultural background globally has been a challenge Starbucks has been facing. Different cultures have their favorite foods and drinks this puts Starbucks coffee including their concept of great store experience face a challenge of irrelevance and resistance. Starbucks challenges in Australia Starbucks Australia is one of the leading global segments. The Australian Starbucks has experience lots of challenges which lead to a closure of several retails stores. An analysis of the cause of the closures revealed several challenges regarding the locations of the different stores, unprofitability and low demand among other reasons. The following are some of the critical challenges facing Starbucks Australia; Poor marketing The Starbucks Australia did not do a lot of commercials and expected to ride on their fame on the US markets consequently leaving this critical business responsibility. Selling the high quality aspect of their coffee could have been very easy but forgoing such important strategic responsibility was a failure on the segments management. Without aggressive marketing apart from the branding aspect, Starbucks just left the market to their competitors including Gloria coffee, Melbourne and Espresso. Also poor location of Starbucks stores contributed to their poor marking strategy. Most stores were located in non strategic areas with low number of potential customers. This is another factor which greatl y contributed to the unprofitability of this stores hence had to be closed. Employee Motivation Starbucks Corporation worldwide had been known to be one of the good employers but the Australian segment has issues with poor staff remunerations consequently experiencing a less motivated workforce. Maintaining a highly skilled human resource gives a competitive edge to an institution. With a scenario of having expatriates’ performing an initial local operational market penetration strategy without prior market experience in Australia while the local management is later employed with low pay, the company is bound to face lots staff turnover. Pricing policy The Starbucks pricing policy should have been restructured to suite Australian market. The Starbucks prices of the different coffee products were perceived too high and products were only purchased for leisure treat and not as a necessity drink. The pricing concept should have been made even very local backed up by an aggressiv e marketing.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coffee products The Starbucks products were perceived as international and this gave the local market an illusion that the products were not theirs hence unnecessary. Starbucks though with a very nice corporate social responsibility did not build attachment with the local community. Rapid expansion With expansion as their corporate strategy Starbuck Australia should have had a localized approach which would have allowed for a market testing. It was not necessary for more than fifty stores to be closed yet the local management should have known that a particular number of stores could have been optimum for the Australian market. Uncontrolled expansion always can cause erosion of the shareholders funds which makes the overall objective of expansion a futile exercise. Recommended strategy for Australia The Starbucks Australia’s challenges are all strategic management problems with little business policy problems. Strategic managements entails decisions which are unstructured and affecting the going concern aspects of the business entity (Choo, 2002). It is the role of the top management to make decision after assessing their internal environment and also the external environment which is usually to some extent very unpredictable. According to Harley (2004) strategic management decisions for global corporations will always aim at maximizing the profitability consequently the shareholders value. These decisions will always include expansions and where necessary downsizing of operations. Starbucks Australia segment would scale up its operations again if proper marketing, strategic alliances, proper analysis of the industrial and general environment for the corporation is done Australia. The following proposed solutions based on porters’ competitive forces model would most likely work for Starbucks Australia. Marketing For the case of Starbucks Australia, it is a common fact that Starbucks marketing concept of blanketing a location did not work for the Australian segment showing that some unique Australian marketing is required. The blanketing marketing idea has been the key to market penetration by Starbuck especially in the US market but it is always good to appreciate that different environments require different solutions. For the Australian segment it will be a nice idea if Starbuck will give it a try to the concept of commercial advertising since most of its competitors have been doing the same. Australian awareness of the Starbucks products should be increased through a more effective promotion, advertising and marketing. Marketing through networking and customer experiences will only be supportive for the case of Australian segment unlike the US segment. Starbuck marketing should be as creative as ever, localizing its brand does not necessary mean losing the original brand concept. Even a localized packaging concept should be able to allow them a market penetration opportunity. Strategic Alliances Starbucks has been enteri ng into strategic alliances in other countries. For the case of Australia, it will be much strategic to do the same. There are a lot of local coffee stores and firms which Starbuck can make a joint venture offer or a takeover bid where necessary. This will make the competitors strategic partners of Starbucks. Trading under a locally registered wholly owned subsidiary for Starbuck not only can allow a local attachment and market but it also spreads the business risks for the corporation. With the culture of Australian having more attachments to their own cultures, foods and enterprises coupled with the human tendencies of ‘appreciating their own’, it will be necessary that Starbucks should have any form of strategic alliance with a local firm. Financial Aspects Most of Starbucks stores closed in Australia have not been able to break-even in the business showing that costs management might also have contributed to the loss making scenario. Starbucks Australia should also have a management change so as to align the financial management and cost control with the corporate Strategy of expansion. The financial management aspect will enable Starbucks Australia an opportunity to develop a product mix that will allow the company experience increased sales with a low cost production. Financial management Strategy is always underlying every corporate strategy hence for an efficient and successful project implementation, it necessary to ensure that the company’s financial management strategy and team is in place (Vernon, 2008). This team should have the relevant capacity and experience in the market segment where the project will be implemented. Industry environment This is the environment under which Starbucks Corporation operates globally and even locally in Australia. This environment will constitute; suppliers, competitors, substitute products and new entrants. Porters’ competitive forces model is founded on the view of the firm within its i ndustrial environment. Competitive forces faced by firms include; supplier bargaining power, customer bargaining power, substitute’s threats, and fresh entrants threats (Mellahi, 2000). Starbucks Australia has faces almost all of these competitive forces in their Australian market hence necessary actions are required to counter. With these forces resulting in the downsizing of Starbucks Australia’s Segment, the following remedial actions will be necessary; Bargaining power of suppliers Starbucks supply chain globally is well established and efficient. Failure to for a corporation like Starbuck to maintain on its quality standards and fair pricing of its coffee will allow competitors an upper hand in the market. Starbucks Australia should consider an option for local suppliers so as to reduce on their costs of importing from the US. It will be much cheaper if Starbucks can be strategic and negotiate with a local coffee supplier for branding in Australia. It should also used technology to build a value chain relationship with local suppliers. This will give an upper hand in the competition and can even play a role as a major distributor other than retailing after all its major objective is profitability. With the global presence of Starbuck, building proper linkages with supplier can in fact give them strategic advantage in the coffee business. Since the retail business has faced enough challenges, Starbuck should give it a try to compete at the distribution line, a higher level competition. Bargaining power of customers Customers are very critical for the success of any corporate business. They are the greatest test of products quality. With no grouping of customers to fight for their interest, they will only express themselves in terms of low and high demand (Slack, 2009). If the customers demand for a product is high it indicates high quality and a very fair price. For the low demand of Starbucks products the pricing and preferences qualities ha ve been the most contributing factors. Starbucks should therefore head the customers’ feedback and try to meet their needs hence they got no business being in the market. Substitutes and other products Substitute products in the Starbucks Australia segment posed a major threat to the Starbucks brand in Australia. Even though known to be an international brand with high quality, Starbucks products couldn’t compete effectively to beat Gloria and Melbourne coffee brand. It is now necessary that Starbucks if it still requires regaining the Australian market should engage in an innovative product differentiation exercise. It should be able to penetrate the market with wide ranging products in varying prices. This product mix should be able to cover the whole market clusters from the low income to the high end market. Substitutes of Starbucks products mainly tea and cocoa are not their main threat but their impact should only be checked through rigorous marketing and promoti ons. Competitors’ actions With the entrance of Starbucks in to the Australian market, its competitors definitely didn’t like it. The competition for customers has gone up and to some extend Starbucks is giving in some market share to its competitors. Starbucks has faced a serious price challenge where it has been perceived as dealing with overpriced products. Though this branding is relevant to the high end market usually other potential customers would be denied a chance to be part of the clientele. Starbucks should be able to practice price and product differentiation or develop innovative products to fit to the low end market. It is necessary that Starbucks should develop products that are low cost that are able to compete effectively in the local market. These products should have an image of being locally processed products and it should actually have an Australian concept in its processing. With the local sourcing of inputs and low cost local concept products by a local brand or firm, I do believe that Starbucks will successfully beat competition in Australia and definitely achieve its global expansion strategy With the firm grip on the worldwide industry, Starbucks should be able to be much profitable and competitors will not benefit from the economies of scale. The Gloria jean coffee, Espresso and local Melbourne coffee will be local and small scale but they are taking a share of the coffee market in Australia consequently Starbucks should be careful of their actions. Starbucks policy on great customer experience should be used in this market so as to retain customers. New entrants The coffee industry is very competitive and lucrative therefore new investors into the industry are bound to get in. Starbucks Australia needs to be maintaining their market share and profitability. In order for this threat to be countered, Starbucks should therefore maintain high level customer retention and high quality products. General Environment This is a n environment which is outside the industry. This will include the Political, population, social, global and economic environment. Starbuck Australia is affected by the Australian government corporate tax rates and other regulations but the major challenge of the institution has not been political. Starbucks Australia should take advantage of the high percentage of the young population since most coffee consumers are the youth. The demographic spread initially did not favor the initial locations of the Starbucks stores therefore various stores had to be closed due to low population in their customer catchment area. Population spread therefore is a necessary consideration in the location establishment of the Australian Starbucks stores. The social tie between the Starbucks products and the local community is a necessary. This is because the Australians perception of Starbucks as a foreign coffee brand should be curtailed so as to improve on their demand. The economic environment is o ne challenge that usually poses threat to demand of industrial products but for our case this challenge is not the cause of Starbucks Australia’s problems. Conclusion Starbucks Corporation Australia has downsized because of a wrong market penetration strategy coupled with operational inefficiencies. With a clear global corporate strategy of being the market leader, store level operational efficiency and great customer experience which could not work for Starbucks Australia. This calls for a more localized operational strategy which will include effective marketing and promotion plans, proper financial management strategy, product differentiation and necessary supply chain management. Global strategy needs leverage on cutting edge technology, compliance to the regulatory authorities and employee welfare among other issues so as to have successful execution. Starbucks Australia can turn around and this turn around need not be based on blanketing marketing strategy but a relevan t Australian segment operational strategy. References Choo, W., Bontis, N., 2002. The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital And Organizational Knowledge. 1st ed. London: Oxford University Press. Harley, W., 2004. Global strategic management. 1st ed. Texas: Wiley. Mellahi, K., 2000. Strategic management: an introduction to business and corporate strategy. 2nd ed. New York: Pearson Education. Slack, N., 2009. Operations and process management: principles and practice for strategic impact. 2nd ed. California: Prentice Hall. Vernon, H., 2008. Global strategic management: the essentials. 2nd ed. Texas: Wiley. This research paper on The Application of Global Strategic Management model to Problems that Starbucks faces in Australia was written and submitted by user Haiden Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Religious Tradition, Their Structures and Patterns

Religious Tradition, Their Structures and Patterns The world is endowed with an incredible number of diverse religions. These different communities have varying forms in which their religious tradition was shaped up and how they related to the sacred. Generally, these religious traditions have structures and patterns which can be easily followed and be understood. Also the religious traditions were simultaneously linked to the sacred, that is the sacred being, the sacred places, the sacred artifacts among others. The sacred was to be feared and be respected by all (Oraka, 1983).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Tradition, Their Structures and Patterns specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teachings were among the key pillars that held the religious traditions in place. Each religious tradition had a way of conveying peoples understanding of spirituality and the sacred. Explaining and elaborating their understanding to others was the only way the communities knew to make others believe in what they believe. In various religious groups, the teachings were primarily passed to the young ones. To begin with, these teachings were stored somewhere. In some more civilized communities like the Islam their teachings were documented religious text which they referred to as Qur’an, sira and hadith were developed in Umayyad Empire. These teachings were passed to children by the elderly who had a vast understanding of the religion. The teaching was conducted in selected places where the children gathered. Other communities never had ways of documenting their religious teachings so they preserved the teachings in their memories. In this case, the teaching was communicated to the younger generation orally (Oraka, 1983). It goes without debate that every religion had its own doctrines. Doctrines varied from community to community. Most of the doctrines if not all were dogmatic in the sense that no one was allowed to question them. But the bottom-line agenda of these doctrines was that they were meant to make people act and behave in a certain manner with respect to their belief in the sacred. Because of the belief of the existence of a Supreme Being various communities involved in worshipping and prayers. Some communities were monotheistic while others were polytheistic. The religious traditions that were monotheistic believed in the existence of one God like the Jewish religion. Jews believed in one God to whom they used to worship and offer prayers to. Worship was considered as a way of acknowledging the supremacy of their God and a way of adoring Him. This was meant to appease Him (Oraka, 1983). Prayers played an important role in all the communities. They considered it as a way of communicating with the Supreme Being and the sacred. The prayers were offered as a form of gratitude, worship or request to the Supreme Being. Most prayers were accompanied by rituals.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Like prayers, rituals were done depending on the issue at stake. For example, in the Igbo community when a prominent person dies, he/she is placed on a stool in a sitting position clothed in the deceased finest garment. Then animal sacrifice is offered to them and they are well perfumed. The burial follows in the next 24 hours (Oraka, 1983). Pilgrimage is another component in religious tradition. This is a long religious journey to a sacred place. This journey is meant to strengthen and expand and individual’s religious faith and belief. People go to these places occasionally, not regularly. An example of pilgrimage is the visit to Mecca by members of the Islamic religion. Reference Oraka, L. N. (1983). The foundation of the Igbo studies. Virginia: University Publishing Co.

Design the Evaluation Plan, Part 3 Research Paper

Design the Evaluation Plan, Part 3 - Research Paper Example This however is not possible if the teachers in the system are not. Every day there are multiple cases of disgruntled parents and students who feel that the treatment they get in our public schools is short of their expectations. It is therefore wise to come up with a training program that trains teachers on the matter. For the government to support such a training project, we need to evaluate the cultural competence of the teachers in our schools first. In light of this, this paper is an evaluation plan for the cultural competence of teachers in public schools. Evaluation Scope and Purpose The Department of Education is interested in funding a proposed training project to enhance cultural competence of the teachers in public schools. It commissioned an evaluation of the teacher cultural competence so as to get data to pass the teacher cultural competence training as policy. Of interest to the ED is an evaluation plan which identifies the project’s strengths and weaknesses so that they will have the means to improve the educational system. Emphasis is especially laid on the need to enhance the cultural competence of the teachers. The ethical issues around prior conduct of the teachers need to be evaluated due to political considerations. There is the apparent need to enhance the cultural competence of the teachers. ... cultural competence of the teachers that are not in the training project design foresight and hence have possible remedies for them sought a forehand before the training commences. The evaluation seeks to answer the questions; i. Is there a dire need to improve the cultural competence of the teachers in the public schools? ii. Are the public education stakeholders satisfied with the cultural competence of the teachers? iii. What should be detailed in their cultural competence training project? Evaluation Team Members and Stakeholders The evaluation team will consists of a group of ten (10) chosen from several disciplines. There will be one (1) general overseer who will be the evaluation comptroller. The general overseer gives tasks and will act as the project coordinator. It is important to have an in-charge for any group to function effectively. There will be two (2) audit officers, three (3) social workers who should be experts in public education issues, two (2) volunteers and two (2) external evaluators. It is wise to conduct the evaluation with ‘outsiders’ since they are not involved in the funding or the implementation of the program. They are useful in identifying useful indicators, assessing the program in relation to quality, effectiveness and efficiency and describing pre- and post-program levels of stressors. Their approach is neutral due to lack of any links with the organization hence they have a non-partisan perspective to the evaluation. Their input has to be impartial in the evaluation. However, the limitations that come with external evaluators are lack of specialised knowledge in matters concerning public education. They may as well be a source of extra stress on the stakeholders. Project Logic and Indicators The evaluation will have two scheduled

Interpersonal Communication and Movies Research Paper

Interpersonal Communication and Movies - Research Paper Example In some interpersonal dealings, communication may develop complications due to a host of factors such as in the movie â€Å"A Few Good Men†. This paper shall attempt to dissect the elements of verbal communication especially in taking orders from a superior, the value of truth and honesty and gender differences in military work depicted in the movie. Lefebvre (2008) advises that when speaking, one must also be aware of body language and tone and inflection of voice. She notes that different ideas may be conveyed by simply emphasizing different parts of the statement. Being an active listener helps one understand the message being relayed to him. As the listener, one should hold his response until the speaker is done, and keenly observe nonverbal cues expressed. It must always be remembered that communication is a give and take process. One must learn to wait his turn to be the speaker and the listener (Lefebvre, 2008). This is especially important in courtrooms where cases are tried in order to find the truth, and if ever there is a crime proven, that the perpetrator should be punished and the victim be served the justice they deserve. This has been manifested in the movie â€Å"A Few Good Men† which showed several courtroom scenes in analyzing an alleged misdemeanor by two marines that eventually killed another marine within the confines of the marine base. The court scenes were played very well, giving each party a chance to express him or herself while on trial. However, there are times when both speaker and listener talk at the same time, trying to prove their point and talk over each other. Richmond & McCroskey (2005) contend that interpersonal communication in organizations can either go horizontally, or across co-workers who are considered equals in terms of position in the organization, and vertically, indicating a hierarchy in position that either goes upward towards higher management or downward, towards rank and file. Downward communica tion from management to the employees usually involves job instruction, rationale, ideology, information and feedback. This is most common in the military, where messages are often given as orders from someone from a higher position and is expected to be followed. In the movie, the two marines who allegedly killed a colleague were presumed to be doing so under orders from their superiors. Job instruction includes directions mandated by management such as direct orders, written memos, workshops on how to do the job, and so on. An example is how a marine should behave when there is an officer approaching. Rationale is the rationalization or explanation of a duty or assignment and how it is compatible with what the personnel are already doing. An example of this is explaining why one is posted in an area during his shift. Ideology is the philosophy of the organization that managers expect their employees to share. If they do believe in the same views, then communication would flow much easier within the organization. An example is that in the military, obeying orders from superiors is a must. Information is concerned with acquainting people with general knowledge that they need to know, such as regulations, changes in benefits, and general policies. Feedback is the superior's way of giving his subordinates information about how they are doing. This is usually expressed as praise, recognition,

Sociology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Sociology - Assignment Example Danish society has basically laid down the right foundation in caring for the elderly by imposing that the spouse is most responsible for the care of the aging partner. This is even supported by legislation and decreed that only the elder child within the household can assist the aging parent. By doing so, society is transformed in its view of the family – that is a permanent institution and members are obliged to fulfill such roles. Young people wanting to get married would think if they can really perform the roles their spouse need from them until old age. As for the Danish home care policy, it is a good working model of a society that has planned for its elderly citizens. In comparison with the United States, it cannot conceive and implement such policies since the healthcare system alone is in a mess. The Danish policy has long been planned and executed by the government which is a reflection of their priorities – healthcare. Since America is extremely preoccupied with external issues , it cannot sort out its own affairs and render good service to its citizens. The chapter about Muslim Iranians is also an interesting read since it presents how a minor culture ( Iranian )tries to assimilate to a more dominant one ( American). Growing old in another country like the case of Iranian seniors in California is quite stressful since psychological adjustment has to be made in order to fit in the host society. As mentioned in the text, â€Å"depression, loneliness, loss of sense of community â€Å"(p.304) affect the elderly. It is for this reason then that while still young, people begin to build their social networks. Nevertheless, the case of Babi is quite different as she had successfully assimilated in the American culture and had even found a new love. It is not luck that made her enjoy her golden years but her attitude to overcome the transcending scripts of culture that women should be just at home. However, it cannot be denied that

Ethical Issues Unique To Group Therapy Social Work Essay

Ethical Issues Unique To Group Therapy Social Work Essay Group Therapy has a variety of ethical issues one of the main issues that maybe encountered is involuntary group members. Corey, Williams, and Moline (1995) explained that ethically a counselor should advise clienteles of theirs privileges and duties and advise them of any probable concerns they face if they choose to follow treatment. Informed consent is extremely important when participation is mandatory. Informed consent is something that all psychologist, counselor, and therapist have to obtain from clients. The consent is important because certain guidelines have to be followed by the counselor during the sessions. When a client becomes involuntary this puts the counselor in a comprising position. The counselor becomes comprised because the incorporation of the client places limits on the direction of the sessions in the group. The following is an example of legal issue where a patient refuses medical care. Website Merck (2007), stated People who have legal and clinical capacity may refuse any medical care. They may refuse care even if it is something almost everyone else would accept or something that is clearly life-saving. With that being said there is also a variety of issues related to right of refusal. The following is a list of some legal issues related to refusal of consent. American Bar Association (n.d.), stated religiously sponsored HMOs often do not cover prohibited services or provide information, counseling, or referrals to plan members who may want or need these services. Women in Medicaid managed care plans face particular challenges (Susan, Lourdes). Because of the risk of misdiagnosis financial factors have become an issue. Psychologist and therapist are avoiding working with some clients because of what insurance they have. The reason for this is because some insurance companies cannot be reimbursed for certain diagnosis. In addition insurance companies are starting to take practitioners to civil court for incompetence. Ethical Issues Unique to Individual Counseling Some of the ethical issues a counselor may encounter in individual counseling may range from dual relationships, involuntary client, moral dilemmas, breach of confidentiality, and other significant factors. Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling (2007), stated In the mid-1970s, New York Supreme Court Presiding Justice Markowitz recognized evidence that from the time of Freud to the present, the health care professions had agreed that therapist-patient sex harms patients (Pope, Vasquez, p. 174). The extent of sexual relationships has not been fully understood until recently. Within the past quarter century a diverse series of investigations have broaden the meaning of therapist client relationships in individual psychotherapy. Certain issues that were addressed in the investigation included how clients can be injured, physical contact with clients, and sexual attraction to patients. Studies that were conducted have concluded that certain outcomes for sexually abused clients. Clients who have been sexually involved with individual counselors produce negative outcomes. Therapist would choose Group Therapy Essentially, Group Therapy is targeted on assisting clients with data about specific categories in order to give supplementary means or data. Counselors believe that group therapy is more structured; in group therapy counselors also believe that clients are provided with precise categories or modules to debate and learn about. The intent is to supply individuals with access data about the categories, which is frequently recognized in the label of the group. the process group therapy is favored by counselors too. a process group is best explained as a group that targets on the experience of belonging to a group, itself, this recognition is part of the healing opportunity given within the group. An example would be the process of a client showing their ideas, emotions, and in the group, in the here and now can become the essential vehicle that finds change in group therapy. Counselors often choose group therapy to supplement individual therapy. Counselors believe group therapy will sup ply clients with access support, or as the primary part of healing work. On no account substance what issues a client may want to address in therapy, group therapy give clients the opportunity to share their thought which is part of their healing journey. Counselors believes that clients attending group gain a sense from the experience as a way to know that they are not alone and that there others, with similar experiences, who are supportive of them. Therapist would choose Individual Counseling Ethical decision making in professional psychology is important to regulate the practice of psychology. Individual counselors believe that ethical decision making procedures can produce positive psychological outcomes. In addition ethical decision making places a certain degree of accountability on the psychologist in individual counseling. Ethical guidelines and educational requirements ensure that clients receive adequate professional assistance on a one on one basis. Ethical decision making in a sense also causes a power shift. Paste psychological practices were controlled by the therapist. In modern times clients have a say so of what treatments and practices they want to receive. This is due to current ethical guidelines. Psychologists give numerous reasons why Multicultural psychology has become a subspecialty. With a society that is diverse in culture psychology had no choose but to be aware of these circumstances. Because of this factor training had to be given to researchers and psychologist in the career field. These measures were done to raise awareness of culture differences and to clarify that these differences had to be handled different individually. Cultural competence is best explained by CEO Services (2007), as the development of skills by individuals and systems to live and work with, educate and serve diverse individuals and communities. Â   Having multicultural psychology as a subspecialty eradicates negative beliefs about other cultures. In addition categories of discrimination, prejudice, lack of education, and ethical values are learned. A major issue with research done with past experiments was they were not culturally equal. Things like the above issue and other factors lead to the requirement of multicultural psychology as a subspecialty. If a professional is culturally competent they should see and understand cultural, economic, gender, and physical differences that another individual may have in society. Culturally competent professional should not be prejudiced in thought while considering another human being feelings and cultural traditions. Social Phobia has a connection with the stability-change issue. The Life -Span Development (2007) text explains the stability-change dispute consists of the point to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change. In the stability-change issue Develo pmental psychologists acknowledge the concept as broken into two separate issues. On the stability side of the issue psychologist argue that early experiences in life can affect a persons stability or there heredity can cause change in stability. But on the change side of the spectrum psychologist are arguing that peoples later experiences can cause change. So in saying that the change concept is basically that people are is constantly being molded throughout their life span. Distinctive Features Some of the distinctive features that are associated with social phobia range in vary areas. Person with social phobia experience excessive fear of being humiliated or judged negatively in social or performance situations (Heimberg, G. R., Liebowitz, R. M., Hope, A. D., Schneier, R. F., 1995). Social anxiety and panic disorder are also qualified as features in the social phobia criterion. The different experiences an individual lives through and witness can mold their mind state. If an individual has had many experiences dealing with discrimination they may perceive the world as unfair. If an individual is or maybe was raised in poverty they may perceive the world as unfair and class based. A prime example would be a minority individual born during the civil rights era or earlier. These individuals had witnessed the inequality of America and seen the horror that come from inequality. A majority of individuals who lived during those times have negative views on white America. I have seen this in my grandmother who is 83. She can get along with other races but she is still to a degree stuck in the past. Often stating how minorities should watch they do because of inequality. Ethical Challenges I may Face Being a counselor some of the many ethical challenges I believe I will face will be as followed. Being a counselor whether the setting is for a group or individual counseling Being mentally aware is important for individuals so they can understand their personal ethical perspectives in life. If individuals have an understanding of their ethical perspective other attributes can be understood. Personal ethical views can influence emotions and reactive behavior in some individuals. Personal ethical perspectives are essential in formulating who an individual is and what they stand for. In addition understanding personal ethical perspective is necessary when choosing a career field. Ethical dilemmas can be frequent if professional ethics are opposite of an employees personal ethics. If personal ethics are misunderstood stress can manifest in individuals. Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling (2007), stated Uncertainty causes stress for some of us. We cannot find that magical book that wi ll tell us what to do, especially in a crisis (Pope, Vasquez, p. 2). The argument about personal and professional ethics has been debated for a while. But each ethic is unique and essentially a necessity to function in society. The United States has become a nation were ethical perspectives are revered. The evolution the United States has made is amazing. Manifesting from a primitive culture to what is now known as the ethical nation. Work ethics involve such characteristics as honesty and accountability. Basically, work ethics break down to what one does or would do in a particular situation ethics as guidelines restrict the abrasive production low safety, employees non-companies, non-compliance with legal regulations and even lawsuits. Ethical regulations decline tension; makes the environment more beneficial by fostering a goal focused climate of cooperation that even boost business. Ethical regulations purely boost a positive site for the future. Confidentiality Better Morale Worker safety Organized work environment All organizations have laws that they have to abide by, employees, board members, and those who work voluntarily must do the same. Regardless of personal feelings toward those laws, they are to obey all laws in the performance of their work on behalf of Community Services. Ethics is the central part, the heart of leading and include private duties of service and public duties to the common good. Therefore, personal, professional, and practical ethics are included into a multidimensional perspective of ethical leadership in human service organizations Development of Professional Ethics through Societal Norms Ethical standards have a role in societys developmental norms. Social norms are explained on Sociology Guide website. Sociology Guide (2006), stated Sociologists have offered the following definition. Social norms are rules developed by a group of people that specify how people must, should, may, should not, and must not behave in various situations. To better understand what ethical standards really mean, the Santa Clara University (2007), stated Ethics has to do with what my feelings tell me is right or wrong; Ethics has to do with my religious beliefs. Being ethical is doing what the law requires; Ethics consists of the standards of behavior our society accepts (Velasquez, Andre, Shanks, S.J., and Meyer). Evolution of cultural factors and beliefs has impacted ethical standards also. Some of these factors are responsibility, malpractice, ethical dilemmas, ethical judgment, reasoning, language, and justifications. American 18 or 1900s social norms seem barbaric compared to 21st century norms. A prime example of disturbing social norms and ethical codes are practices of psychology. Practices such as psychosurgery left permanent damage to areas of the brain. Other primitive methods used were insane asylums, electroconvulsive therapy, and Trepanation. Robert Todd Carroll (2007) states Trepanation is the process of cutting a hole in the skull. If those procedures were practiced today society would consider them cruel and legally incorrect. Ethical standards and codes have helped the American nation become civilized. Civilized behavior is a progression compared to when individuals would react by emotions. In addition the codes have formed this nation into a more business oriented society. Ethical standards have made equal right obtainable to women. Because ethical standards and codes affect social norms woman can vote, and get equal pay. Equal bus seating, right to vote, and other factors African Americans gained because of ethical standards. Disabled individuals have also gotten opportunities to work. Through the development of new ethics standards societal norms have also changed and quality of life for all individuals has improved. APA Ethics Code The American Psychological Associations Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct consist of an introduction, a preamble, five general principles and specific ethical standards. The general principles and preamble are not enforceable rules. However, they should be considered by psychologists in arriving at a professional and ethical course of action. The Ethical Standards are set enforceable rules for conduct of psychologists/psychiatrists. Most of these standards are written so they apply to psychologists that have various roles within the field. The American Psychological Association enforces members and student residents to comply with the standards of their ethics code and the procedures and rules that are used to enforce them. Misunderstanding or lack of awareness of the code is not considered a defense if a member and/or student resident is charged with unethical conduct. The APAs Ethics code ensures psychologies will protect the human and civil rights and the importance of freedom of inquiry and expression in teaching, research and publication. Psychologists perform many roles; such as educators, diagnosticians, researchers, supervisors, therapist, administrators, consultants, expert witnesses and social interventionists. The APAs Ethics codes provide a common set of standards and principles, in which psychologist, researcher, therapist, etc. build their scientific and professional work. APA Ethical Violations The impact of the American Psychological Associations (APA) ethical standards and codes on professional practice in the field of psychology includes how the ethical issues are resolved once one is accused. The ethical code deals with such matters as: misuse of psychologists work, conflicts between ethics and law, regulations, or other governing legal authority, informal resolution of ethical violations, reporting ethical violations, improper complaints, and unfair discrimination against complainants and respondents. (APA, 2002) Psychologists who learn of misuse or misrepresentation of their work may take reasonable steps to correct or minimize the misuse or misrepresentation through the APA. When there is a conflict between ethics and law, regulations, or other governing legal authority and a psychologists responsibilities they make known their commitment to the Ethics Code and take steps to resolve the conflict. If the conflict cannot be resolved via such means, psychologists may adhere to the requirements of the law, regulations, or other governing legal authority. (APA, 2002) Sometimes situations may call for informal resolution of ethical violations. If a psychologist believes that there may have been an ethical violation by another psychologist, they may attempt to resolve the issue by bringing it to the attention of that individual, if an informal resolution appears appropriate and the intervention does not violate any confidentiality rights that may be involved. Reporting ethical violations may be necessary when an apparent ethical violation has substantially harmed or is likely to substantially harm a person or organization. Psychologists may take further action appropriate to the situation such as referral to state or national committees on professional ethics, to state licensing boards, or to the appropriate institutional authorities. This standard does not apply when an intervention would violate confidentiality rights or when psychologists have been retained to review the work of another psychologist whose professional conduct is in question. (AP A, 2002) When a Psychologist does not file or encourage the filing of ethics complaints that are made with reckless disregard for or willful ignorance of facts that would disprove the allegation the ethics code allows for treatment of these improper complaints. Unfair discrimination against complainants and respondents in the APA ethics code demands that Psychologists do not deny persons employment, advancement, admissions to academic or other programs, tenure, or promotion, based solely upon their having made or their being the subject of an ethics complaint. This does not preclude taking action based upon the outcome of such proceedings or considering other appropriate information. (APA, 2002) Psychology and Professional Ethics Psychologists have an obligation to protect the people in which they counsel on a regular basis. Ethic codes have been created to protect the public and offer guidance to professionals in serving their clientele. Many different mental health organizations have their own set of ethical codes in which they follow on a day to day basis. Without these ethical codes, they would not be able to properly protect themselves or their clients in the unlikely event that they are accused or sued for malpractice. There is believed to be three main reasons that these ethical standards and codes have been created for professional psychologists to follow. The three standards and codes are the general reason is to educate professionals about adequate ethical conduct; consultants that comprehend the standards may acknowledge prolonged alertness, ideals-interpretation, and difficult-answering abilities. Next, ethical standards encourage responsibility, also, counselors need to preserve ethical conduct encourage such from colleagues as well. Third the code of ethics helps support in cultivating preparation by proposing answers to challenging inquiries and circumstances (Herlihy Corey, 1996). Ethical issues in mental-health are governed by professional codes and laws. Law defines the minimum standards of performance which society will tolerate and these standards are enforced by the government. Ethics illustrates maximum or ideal standards of performance set by the profession and are managed by professional associations, national certification boards, and government boards which regulate professions (Remley, 1996). Ethical codes that are used in mental- health organizations are revised when new issues in the psychological community arise. Providing a code of ethics to clients receiving psychological care has proven to be fundamental in the field of psychology. Not only to the psychologist providing treatment but also to the client who is receiving treatment on a daily, weekly, or even a monthly basis. Besides knowing these rules, a therapist must be able to think rationally and apply different ethical standards to each individual situation that may crop up while they are providing professional counseling services. Not every situation is covered under these individual codes and standards. Often a psychologist is forced to make their own decisions in regards to which way to best treat a client who is seeking help. Without these codes of ethics, a therapist would be unprotected should they provide the wrong type of treatment to one of the clients they are serving. This could often a therapist up to losing their license to practice and be sued which could end up costing them a fortune financially, professionally, and pers onally. Conclusion The APA ethics code systematically describes how psychologists and psychiatrists should behave in a professional environment. Societal norms have helped to define how professional ethics should be followed and has also contributed to how the APAs ethics code has developed. Through communication of this ethics code among psychologists, they can hope to have greater success with clients and better relationships with colleagues.

The Poetry of Langston Hughes :: Biography Biographies Essays

The   Poetry of Langston Hughes      Ã‚   Langston Hughes was born at the turn of the century in America.   Hughes spent a rootless childhood moving from place to place with his mother who was separated from his father.   During one year in high school, Hughes spent time with his father in Mexico, a light-skinned man who found an escape from racism in ranching.   With aid from his father, Hughes attended Columbia University, but soon became disgusted with university life and immersed himself in his first love - the poetry and jazz and blues in Harlem.   Hughes supported himself in odd jobs such as nightclub doorman and steward while he traveled to places as remote as West Africa, Italy, and Paris.   During this time Hughes wrote poems that earned him a scholarship to Lincoln University in Pennsylvania.   His first book of verse was published in 1926.   In this work, the rhythmic, lyrical nature of his poetry is evident as is his belief that only by staying connected to their African roots could African Americans find understanding.   We see this in Cross, "My old man died in a fine big house / My ma died in a shack. / I wonder where I'm gonna die, / Being neither white nor black?" (Langston 2).        The poems of Langston Hughes share a relationship in that they most typically depict the African American experience in the midst of an oppressive white mainstream culture.   Some of the poems are strident political protests or social criticism, while other depicts Harlem life including poverty, prejudice, hunger, hopelessness, and other themes.   Hughes tried to maintain an artistic detachment despite his deep emotions with respect to the feelings expressed in his poems.   He tried, though unsuccessfully in some poems, to depict the universal while at the same time specifically using African American issues, themes, and speech.   We see this in color, "Wear it / Like a banner / For the proud - / Not like a shroud" (Langston 2).   We can see in this poem that Hughes' work depicts the universal experience of being ostracized or oppressed for what one cannot change, but we also see it is directly targeting the black experience with such conditions.      Hughes' poems often have a musical rhythm to them, as his lyrics typically rhyme in the ABAB CDCD ABAB CDCD scheme.   The music of Harlem, the spirituals of Negro slaves, and other influences like Walt Whitman and W. The Poetry of Langston Hughes :: Biography Biographies Essays The   Poetry of Langston Hughes      Ã‚   Langston Hughes was born at the turn of the century in America.   Hughes spent a rootless childhood moving from place to place with his mother who was separated from his father.   During one year in high school, Hughes spent time with his father in Mexico, a light-skinned man who found an escape from racism in ranching.   With aid from his father, Hughes attended Columbia University, but soon became disgusted with university life and immersed himself in his first love - the poetry and jazz and blues in Harlem.   Hughes supported himself in odd jobs such as nightclub doorman and steward while he traveled to places as remote as West Africa, Italy, and Paris.   During this time Hughes wrote poems that earned him a scholarship to Lincoln University in Pennsylvania.   His first book of verse was published in 1926.   In this work, the rhythmic, lyrical nature of his poetry is evident as is his belief that only by staying connected to their African roots could African Americans find understanding.   We see this in Cross, "My old man died in a fine big house / My ma died in a shack. / I wonder where I'm gonna die, / Being neither white nor black?" (Langston 2).        The poems of Langston Hughes share a relationship in that they most typically depict the African American experience in the midst of an oppressive white mainstream culture.   Some of the poems are strident political protests or social criticism, while other depicts Harlem life including poverty, prejudice, hunger, hopelessness, and other themes.   Hughes tried to maintain an artistic detachment despite his deep emotions with respect to the feelings expressed in his poems.   He tried, though unsuccessfully in some poems, to depict the universal while at the same time specifically using African American issues, themes, and speech.   We see this in color, "Wear it / Like a banner / For the proud - / Not like a shroud" (Langston 2).   We can see in this poem that Hughes' work depicts the universal experience of being ostracized or oppressed for what one cannot change, but we also see it is directly targeting the black experience with such conditions.      Hughes' poems often have a musical rhythm to them, as his lyrics typically rhyme in the ABAB CDCD ABAB CDCD scheme.   The music of Harlem, the spirituals of Negro slaves, and other influences like Walt Whitman and W.

Police Abuse Essay

An officer who uses more force than policy allows is said to have used excessive force and may be guilty of police brutality, the excessive and lawless use of police force. Police officers are often seen as a thin blue line of protection between criminals and law-abiding citizens, but when they use excessive force, they cross the line and become criminals. Police brutality damages the image of law enforcement as well as the justice system. It leads to loss of trust in the policemen, which then creates a gap between them and people in the community. According to the early policing principles imported from 19th century England, it is the lack of centralized control which forms a corruption in America when opportunities of bribery were widespread. Police reforms from the 1930s to the 1950s sought to establish professionalism among police forces by introducing military-like command and higher performance standards. Not everyone agrees with this type of procedure when critics see the March 1991 beating of Rodney King by officers of Los Angeles Police Department which used professional policing. From Rodney King beating in 1991 through the O.J. Simpson trial, the rift has widened the threatening racial discrimination. The reasons for the gap are complex and deep. According to the experts, it is based on the nation’s painful racial history. The current practice of racial profiling, where skin color is a criterion to pull over a driver is ongoing today. For instance, when Reggie Miller, who is Black, had been ordered to pull over by a Nashville police officer for driving with expired tags, had suffered chronic back problems as a result of the beating. It was about 8:40 p.m. when he was shot on his chest and ordered him to lie face down on the ground. Within couple of minutes the officer, who didn’t have a chance to identify himself, called for backup. Suddenly Miller found himself as a cushion using his body from five police officers that had surrounded him. Miller also recalls that the officers gouge his eyes and choke him. This 1992 incident of Miller made him suffer a permanent back problem due to the beating and the shot he encountered. Police officers have no right by any  means to harass a person. Otherwise, they are more considered as criminal because of such inhumane acts. In general, brutality is a form of punishment. Police officers are not supposed to punish but are expected to protect and serve. However, they seemed to expose brutality as punishment when they beat up Adolph Archie in March of 1992. Archie was shot by a police officer and the police officer did not even bother to rush him to the hospital. Instead, they waited in the parking lot until they found out that their injured colleague had died. Then the officers took Archie in the hospital while beating him dead. Unfortunately, Archie only breathe for 12 hours and was diagnosed with two skull fractures, a broken larynx, fractures of the cheekbones, bleeding testicles, teeth had been kicked in, and his entire body was exposed to blunt trauma. Brutality is an inhuman or savage form of cruelty. Police officers need not use too much force to stop a sus pect. Police brutality is an important topic to discuss because it deals with the life of a person, the misconduct of some police officers, the burden it caused and the lesson that everyone should get from it. Police officers must realize they were not given their badge to show that they are one’s to be afraid of but to keep the peace and order of the community. They have the right to discipline a suspect which will depend on the physical condition of the latter. Police need not use the force if the suspect is already injured because it may only lead to a more tragic situation. In several cases, people died after being restrained by police officers. Police brutality does not cause anything positive. It only leads to racism, disrespect among people, loss of respect and confidence for the police and it makes citizens feel less safe. Not a single act did brutality explicit an advantage to the people. The possible solution to police brutality is to include in their training new techniques in handling suspects and criminals geared towards the demand for public policies that promote social and racial justice. Furthermore, police officers should receive antiracism and diversity training as a part of their education in police academies. Police officers must learn to conduct themselves in multiethnic and multicultural communities. To fund this  solution, everyone must cooperate by respecting the police officers in our community and the law of United States of America. Without the cooperation of everyone, the prevailing widespread of police brutality will continue to grow. The people should give a serious thought of what they are doing in order to avoid violence. Let’s just think about the victims of violence and how thousands of people die every year because of brutality. Let’s not make one of our families and our next generations become a victim of these humiliating, devastating and inhumane acts of the police. We, as a nation, need concerted effort in protest for all the victims whose lives have been stolen and sacrifice. The goal must be nothing short of creating a just, humane, peaceful and less violent society. If there is no justice, there will be no peace in the United States. The widespread of police brutality has widened all over the world. The nation must join together to eliminate repression, unjust and abusive treatment by the police in order to have a more peaceful and harmonious nation. To terminate police brutality means calling for justice for our brothers and sisters whose lives have been stolen. In addition, this will give time for the government to open their eyes for the families of those who are unjustly locked down behind prison walls. It will allow balance of justice between the government officials and the people regardless of racial status. Our world would be a better place to live in because it lessens violence, death rate, and increases the confidence and harmony between the police and the community. Moreover, the absence of such brutality will terminate arrest and harassment based on racial origin. Bibliography: â€Å"Activists Protest Against Police Brutality in LA,† MAS magazine, (August 16, 2000), 2 pages. â€Å"Call for a National Day of Protest to Stop Police Brutality, Repression, and the Criminalization of a Generation, http://www.mojo.calyx.net/~refuse/ndp/071400oct22.html, October 22, 2000. â€Å"DNC Activists Protest Cop Brutality,† MAS magazine, (August 16, 2000), 2 pages. â€Å"NYPD’s Bloody Month of August 1999, http://www.mojo.calyx.net/~refuse/ndp/090699ndpnyc.html, September 6, 1999. Anderson, Kelly, Police Brutality, San Diego California, Kelly Anderson, 1995. Bender, David, Policing the Police, San Diego California, David Bender, 1995. Charles, Nick, â€Å"Criminally Suspect,† SIRS, (September 1995), 4 pages. Conroy, John, Unspeakable Act, Ordinary People, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. Fitzgerald, Terence, Police in Society, New York, Terence Fitzgerald, 2000. Meeks, Kenneth, Driving While Black, New York, Kenneth Meek, 2000. Nelson, Jill, Police Brutality, New York, Jill Nelson, 2000. Roleff, Tamara, Police Brutality, San Diego California, David Bender, 1999. Steinhorn, Leonard, By the Color of our Skin, New York, Leonard Steinhorn, 1999.